Investigating Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Potential Cancer Adjuncts: A Novel Approach to Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Purpose: This review aims to evaluate the chemo preventive and therapeutic potential of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cancer management, emphasizing their mechanisms of action and clinical relevance.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatments. NSAIDs, particularly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, have shown potential as anticancer agents. These drugs reduce inflammation and regulate key biological pathways involved in cancer progression, offering new avenues for prevention and therapy.

Methodology: A comprehensive review of clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies was conducted to assess the roles of NSAIDs including aspirin, meloxicam, celecoxib, sulindac, naproxen, indomethacin, and piroxicam, in cancer treatment. Key mechanisms such as metastasis reduction, apoptosis induction, tumor invasion inhibition, and suppression of cancer progression, were analyzed.

Results: NSAIDs demonstrate significant anticancer effects by targeting inflammation-mediated pathways. They exhibit promising outcomes in reducing metastasis, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor invasion and progression. These findings support their potential as both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusions: NSAIDs are promising therapeutic alternatives in cancer treatment, offering significant chemopreventive and therapeutic benefits. However, further clinical studies are required to optimize their application and address potential risks, ensuring safe integration into oncological practice.